Spotlight(flashlight For Mac
How It Works RELATED: In spite of ‘s much-touted extension features, there’s no way for applications to add new features to the. You can search your computer, do conversions, and see Bing search results. But what if you want to search Google, view the weather, create reminders, quickly send messages and emails, and do other things?
This would be possible with an extensions system, and Flashlight is an open-source application that adds that extension system. Enable Flashlight To enable Flashlight, from its website. Double-click the Flashlight icon to run it — you may need to bypass your security settings if you have enabled, as this application is currently unsigned. Launch the Flashlight app and click the “Enable Spotlight Plugins” checkbox or button to activate Flashlight and its additional Spotlight plugins. You can close Flashlight after this if you want — it doesn’t have to remain running in the background. After you toggle this option, the Flashlight app just becomes an interface for installing Spotlight plugins.
The Installed section also provides a quick look at your installed plugins and how to use them. After installing a plugin, just press Command+Space and type the appropriate shortcut to use it. You don’t have to restart anything — it’ll work immediately. Awesome Things You Can Do Here are a few great examples of what plug-ins allow you to do with Spotlight: Search Google: The Google plug-in lets you search Google directory from Spotlight, rather than just depending on Bing. Install it and type something like “g your search” or “google your search” into Spotlight to search the web. Spotlight normally requires you use Bing, so Flashlight is a life saver here if you depend on Google.
View Weather: Install this plug-in to quickly view the weather in a location. Just pull up spotlight and type “weather” followed by a city’s name to see the weather forecast for that location. Create Reminders: Use Spotlight to create reminders with the Remind Me plugin. Type something like “remind me to take out the garbage on tuesday evening” and press Enter to quickly create a reminder in Apple’s Reminders app. Ask Wolfram Alpha: Type “wa” followed by a search to ask Wolfram Alpha something. As we’ve covered before, that you might otherwise need some in-depth research or math calculations to answer!
Create Calendar Events: The Calendar plug-in allows you to quickly create calendar events, so you can tell spotlight something like “next tuesday I have a meeting at 3pm” and it will create the calendar event for you. Send iMessages: The iMessage plug-in can send messages via Apple’s iMessage service. That makes it possible to right from Spotlight. Just type something like “text chris, hello” after installing it.
Send Emails: The Email plug-in allows you to quickly send emails from Spotlight. For example, you could type something like “send an email to geek@example.com with subject Hello saying Hi, how are you?” The preview automatically shows how your email will look as you continue to type. Translate Words: The Instranslator plug-in lets you quickly translate words from one language to another type “translate word to language” to get a quick translation without visiting your browser.
Run Terminal Commands: The Terminal plug-in allows you to quickly run terminal commands from Spotlight. For example, enter “ping google.com” and then press Enter to quickly start pinging google.com without opening a terminal first — it’ll open the terminal for you. If you have a directory open in the finder, the command will be run in that directory. Create Your Own Plug-ins You can also create your own plug-ins — for example, you might quickly want to search another website (like How-To Geek!) from the Spotlight search window.
You can either follow the on Flashlight’s website or use an Automator workflow. Click the New Plugin menu in the Flashlight app to get started. Apple should really add an extension system for Spotlight to Mac OS X itself, and hopefully they will in a future version. For now, Flashlight is the best way to extend Spotlight and make it useful for more than just launching applications.
A spotlight with a large reflector A flashlight (more often called a torch outside ) is a portable hand-held electric light. The source of the light is usually an (lamp) or (LED). A typical flashlight consists of the light source mounted in a reflector, a transparent cover (sometimes combined with a ) to protect the light source and reflector, a, and a. These are supported and protected by a case. The invention of the dry cell and miniature incandescent electric lamps made the first battery-powered flashlights possible around 1899. Today, flashlights use mostly incandescent lamps or light-emitting diodes and run on. Some are powered by the user turning a crank or shaking the lamp, and some have solar panels to recharge a battery.
In addition to the general-purpose hand-held flashlight, many forms have been adapted for special uses. Head or helmet-mounted flashlights designed for and leave the hands free. Some flashlights can be used underwater or in flammable atmospheres. Flashlights are used as a light source when in a place with no power or during. The first battery was invented in 1887. Unlike previous batteries, it used a paste electrolyte instead of a liquid. This was the first battery suitable for portable electrical devices, as it did not spill or break easily and worked in any orientation.
The first mass-produced dry cell batteries came in 1896, and the invention of portable electric lights soon followed. Portable hand-held electric lights offered advantages in convenience and safety over (combustion),. The electric lamp was odorless, smokeless, and emitted less heat than combustion-powered lighting. It could be instantly turned on and off, and avoided fire risk.
On January 10, 1899, British inventor David Misell obtained U.S. This 'electric device' designed by Misell was powered by laid front to back in a paper tube with the light bulb and a rough brass reflector at the end. The company donated some of these devices to the, who responded favorably to them.
The angle-head flashlight on the left uses an, while the adjustable angle-head flashlight on the right uses to give white, red, blue, and light and fairly crude dry cells made early flashlights an expensive novelty with low sales and low manufacturer interest. Development of the in 1904, with three times the of carbon filament types, and improved batteries, made flashlights more useful and popular. The advantage of instant control, and the absence of flame, meant that hand-held electric lights began to replace combustion-based lamps such as the. By 1922 several types were available; the tubular hand-held variety, a lantern style that could be set down for extended use, pocket-size lamps for close work, and large reflector searchlight-type lamps for lighting distant objects. In 1922 there were an estimated 10 million flashlight users in the United States, with annual sales of renewal batteries and flashlights at $20 million, comparable to sales of many line-operated electrical appliances.
Flashlights became very popular in China; by the end of the 1930s, 60 companies made flashlights, some selling for as little as one-third the cost of equivalent imported models. Miniature lamps developed for flashlight and automotive uses became an important sector of the incandescent lamp manufacturing business. Flashlights were made from as early as the early 2000's. Made their first LED flashlight in 2006. Incandescent. Miniature incandescent bulbs for use in flashlights.
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The tungsten filament bulb was essential to turn the flashlight from a novelty to a useful tool. Incandescent flashlights use which consists of a glass bulb and a filament. The bulbs are under vacuum or filled with,. Some high-power incandescent flashlights use a where the bulb contains a gas such as or to improve the life and efficacy of the bulb.
In all but disposable or novelty flashlights, the bulb is user-replaceable; the bulb life may be only a few hours. The light output of an incandescent lamp in a flashlight varies widely depending on the type of lamp. A miniature keychain lamp produces one or two lumens. A two D-cell flashlight using a common prefocus-style miniature lamp will produce on the order of 15 to 20 of light and a beam of about 200. One of rechargeable focusing flashlight uses a halogen lamp and produces 218 lumens. By comparison, a 60-watt household incandescent lamp will produce about 900 lumens.
The or lumens produced per watt of input of flashlight bulbs varies over the approximate range of 8 to 22 lumens/watt, depending on the size of the bulb and the fill gas, with halogen-filled 12 volt lamps having the highest efficacy. Two LED flashlight extremes: Olight SR90, 2200 lumens (left), Foursevens Mini MLR2, 180 lumens (middle), for size comparison (right) Powerful white- (LED)s are increasingly replacing incandescent bulbs in practical flashlights. LEDs existed for decades, mainly as low-power indicator lights.
In 1999, of, introduced the Luxeon LED, a high-power white-light emitter. This made possible LED flashlights with power and running time better than incandescent lights. The first Luxeon LED flashlight was the, designed in 2001. White LEDs in 5 mm diameter packages produce only a few lumens each; many units may be grouped together to provide additional light.
LEDs, drawing more than 100 each, simplify the optical design problem of producing a powerful and tightly-controlled beam. LEDs can be significantly more efficient than incandescent lamps, with white LEDs producing on the order of 100 lumens for every watt, compared to 8-10 lumens per watt of small incandescent bulbs. An LED flashlight will have a longer battery life than an incandescent flashlight with comparable output. LEDs are also less fragile than glass lamps.
Have different spectra of light compared to incandescent sources, and are made in several ranges of. Since the LED has a long life compared to the usual life of a flashlight, very often it is permanently installed. LEDs generally must have some kind of to limit current through the diode. Flashlights using one or two disposable 1.5 volt cells require a to provide the higher voltage required by a white LED, which need around 3.4 volts to function.
Flashlights using three or more dry cells may only use a resistor to limit current. Some flashlights electronically regulate the current through the LEDs to stabilize light output as the batteries discharge. LEDs maintain nearly constant regardless of input voltage or current, while the color temperature of an incandescent bulb rapidly declines as the battery discharges, becoming redder and less visible. Regulated LED flashlights may also have user-selectable levels of output appropriate to a task, for example, low light for reading a map and high output for checking a road sign. This would be difficult to do with a single incandescent bulb since efficacy of the lamp drops rapidly at low output. LED flashlights may consume 1 watt or much more from the battery, producing heat as well as light.
In contrast to tungsten filaments, which must be hot to produce light, both the light output and the life of an LED decrease with temperature. Often dictates that small high-power LED flashlights have or other high heat conductivity bodies, reflectors and other parts, to dissipate heat; they can become warm during use. Miniature LED flashlight on a key chain, powered by lithium primary coin batteries. Light output from LED flashlights varies even more widely than for incandescent lights. 'Keychain' type lamps operating on, or lights using a single 5 mm LED, may only produce a couple of lumens. Even a small LED flashlight operating on an AA cell but equipped with a LED can emit 100 lumens.
The most powerful LED flashlights produce more than 32,000 lumens and may use multiple LEDs. LEDs are highly efficient at producing colored light compared with incandescent lamps and filters. An LED flashlight may contain different LEDs for white and colored light, selectable by the user for different purposes. Colored LED flashlights are used for signalling, special inspection tasks, forensic examination, or to track the blood trail of wounded game animals. A flashlight may have a red LED intended to preserve dark of vision. LEDs may be used for inspection lights, for example, detecting fluorescent dyes added to air conditioning systems to detect leakage, examining paper, or checking UV-fluorescing marks on laundry or event ticket holders. Infrared LEDs can be used for illuminators for night vision systems.
LED flashlights may be specified to be compatible with. Multiple 5 mm LEDs may be used in small flashlights.
HID A less common type of flashlight uses a (HID) lamp as the light source. An HID gas discharge lamp uses a mixture of salts and as a filler. HID lamps produce more light than an incandescent flashlight using the same amount of electricity. The lamp will last longer and is more shock resistant than a regular incandescent bulb, since it lacks the relatively fragile electrical filament found in incandescent bulbs. However, they are much more expensive, due to the circuit required to start and operate the lamp. An HID lamp requires a short warm-up time before it reaches full output.
A typical HID flashlight would have a 35 watt lamp and produce more than 3,000 lumens. Accessories Certain accessories for a flashlight allow the color of the light to be altered or allow light to be dispersed differently. Translucent colored plastic cones slipped over the lens of a flashlight increase the visibility when looking at the side of the light. Such are frequently used for directing automobiles or aircraft at night. Colored lenses placed over the end of the flashlight are used for signalling, for example, in railway yards. Colored light is occasionally useful for hunters tracking wounded game after dusk, or for forensic examination of an area. A red filter helps preserve night vision after the flashlight is turned off, and can be useful to observe animals (such as nesting ) without disturbing them.
Detachable light guides, consisting of rigid bent plastic rods or semi-rigid or flexible tubes containing optical fibers, are available for some flashlights for inspection inside tanks, or within walls or structures; when not required the light guide can be removed and the light used for other purposes. Formats and specialized designs. An LED headlamp A penlight is a small, -sized flashlight, often containing two. In some types the incandescent light bulb has an integral that focuses the light, so no reflector is built into the penlight. Others use incandescent bulbs mounted in reflectors. Penlights are becoming increasingly common.
Low-cost units may be disposable with no provision to replace batteries or bulbs, and are sometimes imprinted with advertising for promotional purposes. A is designed to be worn on the head, often having separate lamp and battery components. The battery pack may be attached at the back of the head or in a pocket to improve balance. Headlamps leave the user's hands free.
A headlamp can be clipped to the brim of a hat, or built to mount on a, instead of using straps; other types resemble eyeglass frames. Similar to the headlamp, an angle-head flashlight emits light perpendicular to the length of the battery tube; it can be clipped to a headband, belt, or webbing or set on a flat surface.
Some types allow the user to adjust the angle of the head. The was an angle-head flashlight issued to US military personnel; similar style lights remain popular. One style of diver's lamp. Although most flashlights are designed for user replacement of the batteries and the bulb as needed, fully sealed flashlights, such as inexpensive lights, are made.
When the batteries are depleted or the bulb fails, the entire product is discarded. Diving lamps must be watertight under pressure and are used for and where surface light cannot reach. The battery compartment of a dive lamp may have a catalyst to recombine any hydrogen gas emitted from the battery, since gas cannot be vented in use. People working in with significant concentrations of flammable gases or dusts, such as mines, engine rooms of ships, chemical plants or, use 'non-incendive', 'intrinsically safe' or 'explosion proof' flashlights constructed so that any spark in the flashlight is not likely to set off an explosion outside the light. The flashlight may require approval by an authority for the particular service and particular gases or dusts expected. The external temperature rise of the flashlight must not exceed the point of the gas, so substitution of more powerful lamps or batteries may void the approval. Flashlight in the shape of a gun (mid 20th century) from the permanent collection of the.
Inspection flashlights have permanently mounted light guides containing optical fibers or plastic rods. Another style has a lamp mounted at the end of a flexible cable, or a semi-rigid or articulated probe.
Such lamps are used for inspection inside tanks, or inside structures such as aircraft. Where used for inspecting the interior of tanks containing flammable liquids, the inspection lights may also be rated as flame-proof (explosion-proof) so that they cannot ignite liquids or vapors. And are medical instruments that combine a hand-held light source and magnifying lenses for examination of the ear canal and eyes, respectively. Aboard naval ships, battle lanterns may be used as emergency portable lighting. Installed in major compartments of the ship, a battle lantern can be detached from its mounting and used as portable lighting in the event primary lighting is out of service.
Battle lanterns may use either incandescent or LED lamps, and may have either disposable primary or rechargeable batteries. Many flashlights are cylindrical in design, with the lamp assembly attached to one end. However, early designs came in a variety of other shapes. Some resembled, with a bulb mounted at the top of a battery tube fixed to a flat base, with a handle.
Many resembled, consisting of a battery box with a handle and the lamp and reflector attached to the front. Electric lanterns are used for lighting the broad area immediately around the lantern, as opposed to forming a narrow beam; they can be set down on a level surface or attached to supports. Some electric lanterns use miniature for higher efficacy than incandescent bulbs. Portable hand-held electric spotlights can provide larger reflectors and lamps, and more powerful than tubular flashlights meant to fit in a pocket. Multifunction portable devices may include a flashlight as one of their features; for example, a portable radio/flashlight combination.
Many have a button or software application available to turn up their screen backlights to full intensity, or to switch on the camera flash or video light, providing a 'flashlight' function. As well as utilitarian flashlights, novelty, toy and ornamental portable electric lights have been made in a myriad of shapes; in the 1890s, one of the earliest portable battery light applications was a type of novelty porcelain with a concealed bulb and battery. Power sources Batteries The most common power source for flashlights is the. types used in flashlights include, in both regular and heavy duty types,.
Secondary, rechargeable, types include, batteries. The choice of batteries will play a determining role in the size, weight, run time, and shape of the flashlight. Flashlight users may prefer a common battery type to simplify replacement.
Primary cells are most economical for infrequent use. Some types of lithium primary cell can be stored for years with less risk of leakage compared with zinc-type batteries. Long storage life is useful where flashlights are required only in emergencies. Lithium primary batteries are also useful at lower temperatures than zinc batteries, all of which have water-based electrolytes. Lithium primary batteries have a lower than zinc primary batteries and so are more efficient in high-drain flashlights.
Flashlights used for extended periods every day may be more economically operated on rechargeable (secondary) batteries. Flashlights designed for rechargeable batteries may allow charging without removing the batteries; for example, a light kept in a vehicle may be trickle-charged and always ready when needed. Some rechargeable flashlights have indicators for the state of charge of the battery. Power-failure lights are designed to keep their batteries charged from a wall plug and to automatically turn on after an AC power failure; the power-failure light can be removed from the wall socket and used as a portable flashlight.
Use energy from a to charge an on-board battery for later use. Mechanical power. Main article: One type of mechanically powered flashlight has a winding crank and spring connected to a small (dynamo). Some types use the dynamo to charge a capacitor or battery, while others only light while the dynamo is moving. Others generate electricity using. They use a strong permanent that can freely slide up and down a tube, passing through a coil of wire as it does. Shaking the flashlight will charge a or a rechargeable that supplies current to a light source.
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Such flashlights can be useful during an emergency, when utility power and batteries may not be available. Dynamo-powered flashlights were popular during the Second World War since replacement batteries were difficult to find. Capacitor At least one manufacturer makes a rechargeable flashlight that uses a to store energy.
The capacitor can be recharged more rapidly than a battery and can be recharged many times without loss of capacity; however, the running time is limited by the relative bulk of capacitors compared to electrochemical batteries. Reflectors and lenses. Dive flashlight with different reflectors and collimator for LED XHP70.2 A reflector with an approximately shape concentrates the light emitted by the bulb into a directed beam.
Some flashlights allow the user to adjust the relative position of the lamp and reflector, giving a variable-focus effect from a wide floodlight to a narrow beam. Reflectors may be made of polished metal, or glass or plastic with an aluminized reflective finish. Some manufacturers use a pebbled or 'orange peel', instead of a smooth, reflector, to improve the uniformity of the light beam emitted. Where multiple LEDs are used, each one may be put in its own parabolic reflector. Flashlights using a ' assembly have a transparent optical element (light pipe) to guide light from the source into a beam; no reflector surface is required.
For a given size of light source, a larger reflector or lens allows a tighter beam to be produced, while capturing the same fraction of the emitted light. The reflector may have a flat transparent cover to keep out dirt and moisture, but some designs have a plastic or glass 'bulls-eye' lens to form a concentrated beam. The lens or reflector cover must resist impacts and the heat of the lamp, and must not lose too much of the transmitted light to reflection or absorption. Very small flashlights may not have a reflector or lens separate from the lamp. Some types of penlight bulbs or small LEDs have a built-in lens. A reflector forms a narrow beam called the 'throw', while light emitted forward misses the reflector and forms a wide flood or 'spill' of light. Because LEDs emit most light in a hemisphere, lens lights with the LED facing forward or reflector lights with it facing backwards radiate less spill.
Variable focus 'zoom' or 'flood to throw' lights may move the reflector or lens or they may move the emitter; moving the emitter presents the designer with the problem of maintaining heat dissipation for the LED. Control switch. An LED flashlight which can charge and also have certain functions programmed via the USB port. The user can select stages of brightness level or flashing frequency through vendor supplied software running on a computer. The red indicator LED turns green when fully charged. A spare 18650 size lithium-ion rechargeable battery is also shown. The original 1890s flashlights used a metal ring around the fiber body of the flashlight as one contact of a, and the second contact was a movable metal loop that could be flipped down to touch the ring, completing the circuit.
A wide variety of mechanical switch designs using slide switches, rocker switches, or side-mounted or end-mounted pushbuttons have been used in flashlights. A common combination is a slide switch that allows the light to be left on for an extended time, combined with a momentary button for intermittent use or signalling. (On earlier models, the button was a switch and the slider simply locked the button down.) Since voltages and currents are low, switch design is limited only by the available space and desired cost of production. Switches may be covered with a flexible rubber boot to exclude dirt and moisture. Another common type of switch relies on twisting the head of the light.
Weapon-mounted lights may have remote switches for convenience in operation. Electronic controls allow the user to select variable output levels or different operating modes such as pre-programmed flashing beacon or strobe modes. Electronic controls may be operated by buttons, sliders, magnets, rotating heads, or rotating control rings. Some models of flashlight include an acceleration sensor to allow them to respond to shaking, or to select modes based on direction the light is held at switch on. At least one manufacturer allows user programming of the features of the flashlight through a port.
An electronic control may also provide an indication of remaining battery capacity, or automatic step-down of brightness as the battery nears full discharge. Materials Early flashlights used or hard rubber tubes with metal end caps. Many other materials including drawn steel, plated brass, copper, silver, even wood and leather have been used. Modern flashlights are generally made of plastic or aluminum. Plastics range from low-cost and to more complex mixtures of or glass-reinforced epoxies. Some manufacturers have proprietary plastic formulations for their products. A desirable plastic for manufacturing flashlights allows for ease of molding and adequate mechanical properties of the finished flashlight case.
Aluminum, either plain, painted or, is a popular choice. It is electrically conductive, can be easily machined, and dissipates heat well. Several standard alloys of aluminum are used. Other metals include, and, which can be polished to provide a decorative finish.
Zinc can be die-cast into intricate shapes. Magnesium and its alloys provide strength and heat dissipation similar to aluminum with less weight, but they corrode easily. Metals may be into a tubular shape, or tubular extruded stock can be machined to add threads for the head and tail cap, knurling for grip, and decorative and functional flats or holes in the body. LED flashlights may have cooling fins machined into their metal cases. Plastics are often into nearly final shape, requiring only a few more process steps to complete assembly. Metal cases provide better heat dissipation for the LED, but plastics are not electrically conductive and may resist corrosion and wear.
Ratings and standards Safety regulations Industrial, marine, public safety and military organizations develop specifications for flashlights in specialized roles. Typically, light output, overall dimensions, battery compatibility and durability are required to meet minimum limits. Flashlights may be tested for impact resistance, water and chemical resistance, and for the life span of the control switch. Flashlights intended for use in with flammable gas or dust are tested to ensure they cannot set off an explosion.
Flashlights approved for flammable gas areas will have markings indicating the approving agency (, etc.) and symbols for the conditions that were tested. Flashlights for hazardous areas may be designed to automatically disconnect the lamp if the bulb is broken, to prevent ignition of flammable gas. Regulations for ships and aircraft will specify the number and general properties of flashlights included as part of the standard safety equipment of the vessel. Flashlights for small boats may be required to be waterproof and to float. Uniformed services may issue particular models of flashlight, or may only provide minimum performance standards for the member to purchase his or her own flashlights. Performance standards The United States Army former standard MIL-F-3747E described the performance standard for plastic flashlights using two or three D cell dry batteries, in either straight or angle form, and in standard, explosion-proof, heat-resistant, traffic direction, and inspection types.
The standard described only incandescent lamp flashlights and was withdrawn in 1996. In the United States, in 2009 published FL1 Flashlight basic performance standard. This voluntary standard defines test procedures and conditions for total light output, beam intensity, working distance, impact and water resistance, and battery running time to 10% of initial light output. The FL1 standard gives definitions for terms used in marketing flashlights, with the intention of allowing the consumer to compare products tested to the standard.
The standard recommends particular graphic symbols and wording for the product package, so that the consumer can identify products tested to the standard. Testing may be carried out by the manufacturer itself or by a third-party test laboratory. The FL1 standard requires measurements reported on the packaging to be made with the type of batteries packaged with the flashlight, or with an identified type of battery. Initial light output is measured with an photometer, 30 seconds after the light is switched on with fresh (or newly charged) batteries. The total light emitted is reported in.
Is determined by measuring the brightest spot in the beam produced by the flashlight, in. Since this is a measure of all the light emitted in a (the 'cone' of light in a particular direction), the beam intensity is independent of distance. The working distance is defined as the distance at which the maximum light falling on a surface would fall to 0.25. This is comparable to a full moon on a clear night.
The distance is calculated from the square root of (the beam intensity in candelas divided by 0.25 lux); for example, a beam intensity of 1000 candelas produces a working range rating of the square root of (1000/0.25), or 63 meters. The result is reported in meters or feet.
The working distance is from the point of view of the user of the flashlight. A light directly pointed at an observer may be visible against a dark background for many times this distance, especially if the observer has night-vision equipment. Run time is measured using the supplied or specified batteries and letting the light run until the intensity of the beam has dropped to 10% of the value 30 seconds after switching on. The standard does not evaluate the behavior of the flashlight output during run time. A regulated flashlight may run at only a slowly declining output and then abruptly cut off, but unregulated types may have steeply-declining light output after only a short time. Manufacturers of headlamps may use a different standard which rates run times until light output falls to 1 lux at 2 meters distance; this value is not comparable to the FL 1 runtime measurement. Impact resistance is measured by dropping the flashlight in six different orientations and observing that it still functions and has no large cracks or breaks in it; the height used in the test is reported.
Water resistance, if specified, is evaluated after impact testing; no water is to be visible inside the unit and it must remain functional. Ratings are given in terms, where jet spray corresponds to IP X6, brief immersion to IPX7, 30 minutes immersion at 1 meter or more is IP X8; (the depth is reported if greater than 1 meter). An IP X8 rating by FL1 does not imply that the lamp is suitable for use as a diver's light since the test protocol examines function of the light only after immersion, not during immersion. The consumer must decide how well the ANSI test conditions match their requirements, but all manufacturers testing to the FL1 standard can be compared on a uniform basis. The light measurements are more directly related to the use of flashlights than is the nominal power input to the lamp (watts), since different LED and incandescent lamp types vary widely in the. Even the same LED or lamp in different optical systems will show different beam characteristics.
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The visibility of objects depends on many factors as well as the amount of light emitted by the flashlight. ANSI standard FL1 does not specify measurements of the but the candela intensity and total lumen ratings can be used by the consumer to assess the beam characteristics. Where two flashlights have similar total light (lumen) measures, the unit with the higher candela rating produces a more concentrated beam of light, suitable for lighting distant objects; it will also have a higher working distance. If two lights have similar candela ratings, the light with higher lumen value will produce a wider beam and will light a wider area overall. A beam width (containing most of the power of the beam, or 'hot spot') of a few degrees corresponds to a spot light, useful for searching for distant objects; beam widths of 20 degrees or more are described as flood lights, suitable for lighting a wide nearby area.
Typically even a flashlight beam with a small hot spot will have some light visible as 'spill' around the spot. Applications Lumen ranges of flashlights Lumens (range) Type Applications 1–20 Keychain Finding keyholes, close range use, supplement to dark-adapted vision, walking in the dark 30 to 100 General purpose Household use, car repairs, hiking on a trail, cave exploration 100 and above Tactical flashlights Weapon mounted lights 200 and above Bicycle headlamps Light use depends on speed, quality of trail, surrounding light 1000 and up High powered Outdoors, search and rescue, caving, night orienteering, high-speed bicycle use, diving See also.